01719nas a2200145   4500008004100000245007700041210006900118260000900187520119300196653001701389100001701406700002101423700001601444856011301460       2022                        eng d00aRevisiting Meriwether v. Hartop and Academic Freedom in Higher Education0 aRevisiting Meriwether v Hartop and Academic Freedom in Higher Ed  c20223 aAlthough the nature and extent of academic freedom has been subject to analysis for over a century, recent developments underscore the need to reconsider the proper scope of academic freedom. These developments include Meriwether v. Hartop, a 2021 Sixth Circuit decision in which a professor claimed a Constitutional right, based in academic freedom, to refuse to use a student’s pronouns; the growing science of pedagogy and understanding of how students learn; and the changing role of higher education in the United States. We propose updated factors for assessing the scope of academic freedom that balance the interests of the university, individual faculty members, students, and the general public. In doing so, we specifically address and discuss the interest of the state in delivering an “effective education”—a concept that we ground in both the literature of constitutional rights and also the literature of effective pedagogy, linking the interest of the state in delivering effective learning experiences to the science of teaching and learning. We also address the need for the recognition of gender pronouns and the potential for harm when they are not recognized.10aBusiness Law1 aScott, Inara1 aBrown, Elizabeth1 aYordy, Eric  u/biblio/revisiting-meriwether-v-hartop-and-academic-freedom-higher-education01457nas a2200169   4500008004100000245007100041210006900112260000900181300001100190490000700201520089800208653001701106100001701123700002101140700001601161856011001177       2020                        eng d00aR Corps: When Should Corporate Values Receive Religious Protection0 aR Corps When Should Corporate Values Receive Religious Protectio  c2020  a91-1330 v173 aIn this article, we explain how a corporation might invoke religious freedom claims in order to protect corporate values such as diversity, equality, sanctuary, or women’s access to reproductive care which are not exclusively associated with a religion, and are often held by secular entities. In order to do so, we must address the following unresolved legal issues: 1) How can one define whether a set of beliefs are “religious” when those beliefs are held not just by a single individual, but by a diverse collection of individuals? 2) Does the meaning of religion change when it is no longer exercised by a human being but instead by a corporation? 3) Importantly, how would a court evaluate the religious claims of a business entity made up of diverse owners, members, and/or shareholders? And 4) What are the broader consequences, benefits and detriments of protecting such claims?10aBusiness Law1 aScott, Inara1 aBrown, Elizabeth1 aYordy, Eric  u/biblio/r-corps-when-should-corporate-values-receive-religious-protection