00643nas a2200145   4500008004100000245013800041210006900179260000900248653003200257100002000289700001600309700002000325700002500345856012700370       2019                        eng d00aCounteracting Globalization's Skeptics: How Diasporas Influence the Internationalization Preferences of Minority Entrepreneurs' Firms0 aCounteracting Globalizations Skeptics How Diasporas Influence th  c201910aStrategy & Entrepreneurship1 aInouye, Todd, M1 aJoshi, Amol1 aHemmatian, Iman1 aRobinson, Jeffrey, A  u/biblio/counteracting-globalizations-skeptics-how-diasporas-influence-internationalization00603nas a2200133   4500008004100000245010400041210006900145260002200214653003200236100002100268700002600289700001600315856013800331       2019                        eng d00aDoes a Federal Glass Ceiling Have Differential Effects on Female and Male Technology Entrepreneurs?0 aDoes a Federal Glass Ceiling Have Differential Effects on Female  aHershey, PAc201910aStrategy & Entrepreneurship1 aInouye, Todd, M.1 aRobinson, Jeffrey, A.1 aJoshi, Amol  u/biblio/does-federal-glass-ceiling-have-differential-effects-female-and-male-technology-entrepreneurs02442nas a2200181   4500008004100000020002200041245007300063210006900136260002500205300001200230520179400242653003202036100002502068700001602093700003002109700002002139856010102159       2019                        eng d  a978 1 78643 600 900aUrban Innovation:  At the nexus of entrepreneurship and urban policy0 aUrban Innovation At the nexus of entrepreneurship and urban poli  aCheltenham, UKc2019  a129-1443 aWe define urban innovation as the development of long-lasting transformations in urban communities, neighborhoods, and cities. In our proposed framework, urban innovation is driven by two overarching principles: social inclusion and transformation. Inclusion allows for interaction across social groups and benefits society by reducing socio-economic separation through fostering stronger, and even new, relationships in the community. Transformation means deep-seated change that remodels the mindset and creates new change agents. These principles enable us to isolate innovative activities that are small and incremental, from urban innovations that have the potential to impact the economy and society in major ways. We identify three distinct types of transformative and inclusive policy innovations used in the urban innovation context: market creating, market integration, and market incentivizing. We also present three types of business model innovations that work within these innovations: social entrepreneurship, technology and innovation parks, and venture accelerators. We further categorize the social entrepreneurship business model into sustainable or triple bottom line businesses, social enterprises, micro-finance organizations and benefits corporations/B-Corps. We highlight specific examples of these policy and business model innovations from around the world to illustrate how and why urban innovations are essential for economic growth and social development in rapidly urbanizing cities. We also present several promising avenues for new research on urban innovation to guide scholars, practitioners, and policymakers in more systematically studying the phenomenon and in making strategic decisions about critical issues related to future of the world’s cities.10aStrategy & Entrepreneurship1 aRobinson, Jeffrey, A1 aJoshi, Amol1 aVickerie-Dearman, Lutisha1 aInouye, Todd, M  u/biblio/urban-innovation-nexus-entrepreneurship-and-urban-policy02432nas a2200145   4500008004100000245013100041210006900172260000900241520181400250653003202064100001802096700001602114700002702130856012902157       2018                        eng d00aContent, Contribution, and Knowledge Consumption: Uncovering Hidden Topic Structure and Rhetorical Signals in Scientific Texts0 aContent Contribution and Knowledge Consumption Uncovering Hidden  c20183 aKnowledge production and scientific discourse are observable in published scholarly texts. Citations capture knowledge consumption and impact. Drawing from the sociology of science, our theoretical framework posits scientific communities as thought collectives with distinctive thought styles that embed a hidden topic structure and rhetorical signals into a journal’s published articles. We hypothesize and uncover how an article’s topic attributes (structure, focus, and newness) and rhetorical attributes (inclusiveness, exclusiveness, tentativeness, and certainty) indicate future knowledge consumption. We empirically test our ideas by applying text mining algorithms to model topics and extract rhetorical signals from 1,646 strategy articles composed of nearly 18 million words generating 172,237 citations over 35 years. We find that strategy articles’ hidden topic structure explains 14% of variance in scientific impact. We also show that topic focus and topic newness each independently, directly, and significantly increase impact. As for newness, the first two articles published on a new topic each generate a citation premium of more than 100%, which is higher within the focal thought collective than outside. Importantly, we uncover that the citation premium of newness increases with greater topic focus, which attracts attention, and greater inflow of prior intra-collective knowledge, which enhances absorption. Impact also increases when authors present new topics using a rhetorical style that is more tentative than certain. Overall, our findings demonstrate that topic and rhetorical attributes as constitutive elements of scientific content are independently and interdependently related to the consumption of strategy research across thought collectives in management research.10aStrategy & Entrepreneurship1 aAntons, David1 aJoshi, Amol1 aSalge, Torsten, Oliver  u/biblio/content-contribution-and-knowledge-consumption-uncovering-hidden-topic-structure-and02431nas a2200157   4500008004100000245012400041210006900165260000900234300001400243490000700257520180800264653003202072100001602104700002002120856013302140       2018                        eng d00aHow do legal surprises drive organizational attention and case resolution? An analysis of false patent marking lawsuits0 aHow do legal surprises drive organizational attention and case r  c2018  a1741-17610 v473 aLegal surprises are unexpected suits or actions in which plaintiffs rely on claims or precedents that may be obscure, unfamiliar, or unknown to the defendants. Our study explores false patent marking suits, a unique type of patent-related legal surprise involving allegations of defendants marking products with ineligible patent numbers to deceive customers and/or deter competitors. An abrupt shift in U.S. Federal Courts’ interpretation of intellectual property rights (IPRs) policy amplified plaintiff incentives for filing these suits while escalating defendant penalties for proven violations. Handling costly legal surprises such as false patent marking suits requires focused attention from managers. Our core premise is that temporal and evidential cues in the timelines and storylines of plaintiffs’ legal narratives in surprise suits attract defendants’ organizational attention. We hypothesize about temporal focus (past, present, and future) and evidentiary reasoning (relevance, credibility, and inferential power) as attention cues and possible predictors of the mode (litigation or negotiation) and timing of case resolution. We apply automated content analysis to official court records for 992 false patent marking cases (2009-2011) and quantify competing risks using hazard models. We find that differences in temporal focus and evidentiary reasoning in the legal narratives of surprise suits are significant predictors of case resolution mode and timing. We also find that defendants countersuing to redirect plaintiffs’ attention is an effective negotiating tactic. We discuss the economic significance and strategic implications of our empirical findings on legal surprises, attention, case resolution mode and timing, and the unintended consequences of IPR policy changes.10aStrategy & Entrepreneurship1 aJoshi, Amol1 aHemmatian, Iman  u/biblio/how-do-legal-surprises-drive-organizational-attention-and-case-resolution-analysis-false00542nas a2200133   4500008004100000245007400041210006900115260002100184653003200205100001600237700002000253700002500273856011000298       2017                        eng d00aGlass Ceiling Effects for Minority and Women Technology Entrepreneurs0 aGlass Ceiling Effects for Minority and Women Technology Entrepre  aNewark, NJc201710aStrategy & Entrepreneurship1 aJoshi, Amol1 aInouye, Todd, M1 aRobinson, Jeffrey, A  u/biblio/glass-ceiling-effects-minority-and-women-technology-entrepreneurs01735nas a2200169   4500008004100000245017200041210006900213260000900282300009600291490000700387520095000394653003201344100001601376700002001392700002501412856012801437       2017                        eng d00aHow does agency workforce diversity influence Federal R&D funding of minority and women technology entrepreneurs? An analysis of the SBIR and STTR programs, 2001–20110 aHow does agency workforce diversity influence Federal RD funding  c2017  a499-519 (Winner of the Best Paper Prize for the Special Issue on Minority Entrepreneurship)0 v503 aU.S. Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) programs provide Federal research and development (R&D) grants to technology ventures. We explore how grantor demographic diversity explains why demographically diverse grantees experience different odds for successfully transitioning from initial to follow-on R&D grants. We empirically analyze 52,126 Phase I SBIR/STTR awards granted by 11 Federal agencies (2001-2011). We find a positive association between agency workforce diversity and Phase II funding for Phase I grantees, but minority and women technology entrepreneurs are less likely to receive this funding than their non-minority and male counterparts. Agencies valuing workforce ethnic diversity or leveraging gender homophily positively influence the likelihood of women technology entrepreneurs obtaining Phase II funding. We discuss evidence-based implications for policy and practice.10aStrategy & Entrepreneurship1 aJoshi, Amol1 aInouye, Todd, M1 aRobinson, Jeffrey, A  u/biblio/how-does-agency-workforce-diversity-influence-federal-rd-funding-minority-and-women00661nas a2200157   4500008004100000245011700041210006900158260002200227653003200249100002200281700001800303700001600321700002000337700001600357856013000373       2017                        eng d00aThe Impact of Bankruptcy on Competitors: How Technology Overlap and Diversification Affect Value Redistribution.0 aImpact of Bankruptcy on Competitors How Technology Overlap and D  aAtlanta, GAc201710aStrategy & Entrepreneurship1 aArthurs, Jonathan1 aCho, Sam, Yul1 aChoi, Yohan1 aHemmatian, Iman1 aJoshi, Amol  u/biblio/impact-bankruptcy-competitors-how-technology-overlap-and-diversification-affect-value01576nas a2200169   4500008004100000245010200041210006900143260000900212520092600221653003201147100002201179700001801201700001601219700002001235700001601255856013501271       2017                        eng d00aImpact of Bankruptcy on Rivals: How Tech Overlap and Diversification Affects Value Redistribution0 aImpact of Bankruptcy on Rivals How Tech Overlap and Diversificat  c20173 aPrior research on bankruptcy proposes two potential outcomes for a bankrupt firm’s industry rivals: a contagion effect wherein rivals’ stock prices decline, and a competitive effect wherein rivals benefit from a competitor’s decline. Although empirical evidence substantiates the contagion effect, existing studies do not consistently account for the competitive effect. We develop and test theory explaining how the degree of technology overlap and diversification strategy of competitors influences the severity of the contagion effect and the expected occurrence of the competitive effect among rivals. We find that greater technology overlap among a bankrupt firm and its competitors exacerbates the contagion effect. Furthermore, competitors with higher unrelated diversification are more susceptible to contagion, while competitors with higher related diversification benefit more from a rival’s bankruptcy.10aStrategy & Entrepreneurship1 aArthurs, Jonathan1 aCho, Sam, Yul1 aChoi, Yohan1 aHemmatian, Iman1 aJoshi, Amol  u/biblio/impact-bankruptcy-rivals-how-tech-overlap-and-diversification-affects-value-redistribution00842nas a2200133   4500008004100000245002200041210002200063260002100085300000600106520048600112653003200598100001600630856006200646       2014                        eng d00aInnovation Policy0 aInnovation Policy  aLondon, UKc2014  a53 aThis entry outlines the concept of innovation policy in the domain of strategic management. First, an overview of the history, goals and underlying principles of innovation policy is presented. Next, the primary functions and possible means of implementing innovation policy are described with an emphasis on theoretical foundations. Finally, the evaluation of innovation policy outcomes, including the intended and unintended consequences of policy changes, are briefly discussed.10aStrategy & Entrepreneurship1 aJoshi, Amol  u/biblio/innovation-policy02096nas a2200157   4500008004100000245008300041210006900124260000900193300001200202490000700214520153000221653003201751100001601783700002001799856011901819       2014                        eng d00aLanguage friction and partner selection in cross-border R&D alliance formation0 aLanguage friction and partner selection in crossborder RD allian  c2014  a123-1520 v463 aHow does language friction affect alliance formation? Language friction is a form of cultural friction arising from structural differences in the respective languages used by potential partners to reason and solve problems together. A little language friction may prompt partners to rethink solutions, thereby enhancing collaboration, but excessive friction may impede collaboration. We develop a Language Friction Index (LFI) to quantify relative differences in linguistic structure for any language pair. Utilizing a unique data set of semiconductor design activities (1988–2001), our empirical analysis finds an inverted U-shaped relationship between partners’ LFI and the likelihood of cross-border research and development (R&D) alliance formation. This relationship is further moderated by prior ties and technological distance. Our findings have several important implications, including: (1) language differences are a measurable and discernible source of cultural friction; (2) the effects of language friction are economically significant and strategically consequential; (3) certain aspects of language friction occur independent of language proficiency and persist despite the use of lingua franca to reduce language barriers; (4) linguistic diversity is an indirect marker of cognitive diversity, which is useful in boosting creativity, especially in first-time collaborations; (5) beyond R&D alliances, language friction may also influence other types of strategic interactions and organizational processes.10aStrategy & Entrepreneurship1 aJoshi, Amol1 aLahiri, Nandini  u/biblio/language-friction-and-partner-selection-cross-border-rd-alliance-formation01275nas a2200133   4500008004100000245009200041210006900133260000900202520074200211653003200953100001600985700002001001856012001021       2014                        eng d00aThe Power of Words: How, Why, and When Do Language Barriers Affect Alliance Formation?"0 aPower of Words How Why and When Do Language Barriers Affect Alli  c20143 aWe extend previous research on language issues within firms by examining the strategic consequences of language barriers between firms. We elaborate underlying mechanisms of how, why, and when language differences matter in the selection of cross- border R&D partners. We develop a language distance construct which captures relative differences in linguistic structure for any language pair. We hypothesize and find situations in which language differences help, rather than hinder alliance formation. Our empirical results suggest an inverted U-shaped relationship between language distance and the likelihood of alliance formation. This relationship is further moderated by potential partners’ prior ties and technological distance.10aStrategy & Entrepreneurship1 aJoshi, Amol1 aLahiri, Nandini  u/biblio/power-words-how-why-and-when-do-language-barriers-affect-alliance-formation02234nas a2200145   4500008004100000245010000041210006900141260000900210520164300219653003201862100001601894700001701910700002501927856013601952       2014                        eng d00aWhich Technologies are Included in Patent Pools? How Market and Social Factors Impact Selection0 aWhich Technologies are Included in Patent Pools How Market and S  c20143 aPatent pools are a unique form of research and development (R&D) consortium in which licensor firms (technology sellers) bundle together essential patents for licensing out to each other and to third-party licensee firms (technology buyers). Over the last hundred years, governments rarely approved patent pools because of concerns about excessive or inappropriate knowledge sharing among participating firms and the possibility of anti-competitive activity. However, in recent years, regulatory authorities in the United States and Europe enacted policy changes and sanctioned the formation of patent pools in a variety of industries that are economically and technologically important. In this study, we utilize the formation of patent pools as a natural experiment for testing a much debated proposition in organizational research ––– market-based versus network- based explanations for technology selection by firms. For the patents which technology sellers seek to license out to technology buyers, we posit that both the market value of the invention and the network position of the inventor impact the selection of patents for bundling in a patent pool. We conduct empirical analyses utilizing data from multiple patent pools formed within the same timeframe and within the same industry (optical discs). We find that market and network factors reinforce, rather than counteract each other in driving which patents are deemed essential and bundled together in a pool. Our findings have strategic implications for firm-level innovation by technology sellers and buyers as well as policy implications for government regulators.10aStrategy & Entrepreneurship1 aJoshi, Amol1 aNerkar, Atul1 aMallapragada, Girish  u/biblio/which-technologies-are-included-patent-pools-how-market-and-social-factors-impact-selection00560nas a2200109   4500008004100000245014200041210006900183260002200252653003200274100001600306856012800322       2013                        eng d00aWhen Are Patent Litigants Productive or Unproductive Entrepreneurs? Evidence from a Natural Experiment on False Patent Marking, 2007-20110 aWhen Are Patent Litigants Productive or Unproductive Entrepreneu  aAtlanta, GAc201310aStrategy & Entrepreneurship1 aJoshi, Amol  u/biblio/when-are-patent-litigants-productive-or-unproductive-entrepreneurs-evidence-natural00610nas a2200133   4500008004100000245011700041210006900158260003300227653003200260100001600292700001600308700002000324856013200344       2012                        eng d00aDo Dealmakers Make a Difference? Evidence from the Social Capital Networks of Serial Entrepreneurs and Investors0 aDo Dealmakers Make a Difference Evidence from the Social Capital  aPrague, Czech Republicc201210aStrategy & Entrepreneurship1 aZoller, Ted1 aJoshi, Amol1 aEthridge, Frank  u/biblio/do-dealmakers-make-difference-evidence-social-capital-networks-serial-entrepreneurs-and01465nas a2200133   4500008004100000245007500041210006900116260000900185520095700194653003201151100001601183700002001199856011201219       2012                        eng d00aInformation Asymmetry and Partner Selection in International Alliances0 aInformation Asymmetry and Partner Selection in International All  c20123 aWe extend prior research on intra-firm language barriers by investigating inter-firm language barriers in cross-border alliances. Integrating concepts from sociolinguistics and information economics, we posit that language barriers between potential partners exacerbate information asymmetries, while market signals of the commercial value of a partner’s knowledge counteract these asymmetries. To test these ideas, we quantify language barriers using a distance measure of linguistic differences and we analyze data on semiconductor alliances during 1988-2001. Controlling for cultural, geographical, and technological distances, our empirical results suggest that firms overcome large language distances by relying on market signals of a prospective partner's level of disclosure, stock of knowledge, and degree of specialization. Stronger signals significantly dampen the negative impact of language distance on the chances of forming an alliance.10aStrategy & Entrepreneurship1 aJoshi, Amol1 aLahiri, Nandini  u/biblio/information-asymmetry-and-partner-selection-international-alliances01861nas a2200145   4500008004100000245007300041210006900114260000900183520133000192653003201522100001601554700001701570700002501587856010301612       2012                        eng d00aStocking the Patent Pool: What Do Firms Offer for Licensing and Why?0 aStocking the Patent Pool What Do Firms Offer for Licensing and W  c20123 aLicensing out intellectual property (IP) such as patents is an important source of firm profit. However, the managerial logic for determining which IP firms offer for licensing remains underexplored in the management literature. Past research analyzes the downstream purchasing decisions of IP licensees. In contrast, this study uses the concept of patent pools, a type of R&D consortium, to explore the upstream marketing decisions of IP licensors. Drawing on the resource-based view (RBV), we hypothesize and find that an increase in the value of IP significantly increases the likelihood that the IP is offered for licensing through a patent pool, while an increase in the imitability of IP significantly decreases the likelihood that the IP is offered for licensing. Further, we find differential effects for the intrinsic and extrinsic dimensions of value and imitability on the likelihood of IP licensing. Extrinsic imitability of IP negatively moderates the relationship between the value of IP and the likelihood it is offered for licensing through a pool, whereas intrinsic imitability positively moderates this relationship. Our findings extend the RBV by providing empirical evidence for how managers determine and use the value and imitability of a firm’s IP portfolio to justify technology licensing decisions.10aStrategy & Entrepreneurship1 aJoshi, Amol1 aNerkar, Atul1 aMallapragada, Girish  u/biblio/stocking-patent-pool-what-do-firms-offer-licensing-and-why01517nas a2200157   4500008004100000245012400041210006900165260000900234300001400243490000700257520089600264653003201160100001601192700001701208856013401225       2011                        eng d00aWhen do strategic alliances inhibit innovation by firms? Evidence from patent pools in the global optical disc industry0 aWhen do strategic alliances inhibit innovation by firms Evidence  c2011  a1139-11600 v323 aResearch and development (R&D) consortia are specialized strategic alliances that shape the direction and scope of firm innovation activities. Little research exists on the performance consequences of participating in R&D consortia. We study the effect of patent pools, a unique form of R&D consortia, on firm performance in innovation. While prior research on alliances generally implies that patent pools enhance firm innovation, our study finds the opposite. Analyzing data on systemic innovation in the global optical disc industry, we find that patent pool formation substantially and significantly decreases both the quantity and quality of patents subsequently generated by licensors and licensees relative to the patenting activity of nonparticipants. Our empirical findings suggest that patent pools actually inhibit, rather than enhance, systemic innovation by participating firms.10aStrategy & Entrepreneurship1 aJoshi, Amol1 aNerkar, Atul  u/biblio/when-do-strategic-alliances-inhibit-innovation-firms-evidence-patent-pools-global-optical